RankNameReligious AffiliationInfluence
1
| Muhammad
| Islam
| Prophet of Islam; Hart recognized that ranking Muhammad first might be controversial, but felt that, from a secular historian's perspective, this was the correct choice because Muhammad is the only man to have been both a founder of a major world religion and a major military/political leader.
|
2
| Isaac Newton
| Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism;
believed in the Arianism of
the Primitive Church)
| physicist; theory of universal gravitation; laws of motion
|
3
| Jesus Christ
| Judaism; Christianity
| founder of Christianity
|
4
| Buddha
| Hinduism; Buddhism
| founder of Buddhism
|
5
| Confucius
| Confucianism
| founder of Confucianism
|
6
| St. Paul
| Judaism; Christianity
| proselytizer of Christianity
|
7
| Ts'ai Lun
| Chinese traditional religion
| inventor of paper
|
8
| Johann Gutenberg
| Catholic
| developed movable type; printed Bibles
|
9
| Christopher Columbus
| Catholic
| explorer; led Europe to Americas
|
10
| Albert Einstein
| Jewish
| physicist; relativity; Einsteinian physics
|
11
| Louis Pasteur
| Catholic
| scientist; pasteurization
|
12
| Galileo Galilei
| Catholic
| astronomer; accurately described heliocentric solar system
|
13
| Aristotle
| Platonism / Greek philosophy
| influential Greek philosopher
|
14
| Euclid
| Platonism / Greek philosophy
| mathematician; Euclidian geometry
|
15
| Moses
| Judaism
| major prophet of Judaism
|
16
| Charles Darwin
| Anglican (nominal)
| biologist; described Darwinian evolution, which had theological impact on many religions
|
17
| Shih Huang Ti
| Chinese traditional religion
| Chinese emperor
|
18
| Augustus Caesar
| Roman state paganism
| ruler
|
19
| Nicolaus Copernicus
| Catholic (priest)
| astronomer; taught heliocentricity
|
20
| Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
| Catholic
| father of modern chemistry; philosopher; economist
|
21
| Constantine the Great
| Roman state paganism; Christianity
| Roman emperor who made Christianity the state religion
|
22
| James Watt
| nonreligious
| developed steam engine
|
23
| Michael Faraday
| Sandemanian
| physicist; chemist; discovery of magneto-electricity
|
24
| James Clerk Maxwell
| Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist
| physicist; electromagnetic spectrum
|
25
| Martin Luther
| Catholic; Lutheran
| founder of Protestantism and Lutheranism
|
26
| George Washington
| Episcopalian; Deist
| first president of United States
|
27
| Karl Marx
| Jewish; Christian;
Atheist; Marxism/Communism
| founder of Communism
|
28
| Orville and Wilbur Wright
| United Brethren
| inventors of airplane
|
29
| Genghis Khan
| Mongolian shamanism
| Mongol conqueror
|
30
| Adam Smith
| Liberal Protestant
| economist; expositor of capitalism; religious philosopher
|
31
| Edward de Vere
a.k.a. "William Shakespeare"
| Christianity
| literature; also wrote 6 volumes about philosophy and religion
|
32
| John Dalton
| Quaker
| chemist; physicist; atomic theory; law of partial pressures (Dalton's law)
|
33
| Alexander the Great
| Greek state paganism
| conqueror
|
34
| Napoleon Bonaparte
| Catholic (nominal)
| French conqueror
|
35
| Thomas Edison
| Congregationalist; agnostic
| inventor of light bulb, phonograph, etc.
|
36
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek
| Calvinist
| microscopes; studied microscopic life
|
37
| William T.G. Morton
| ??
| pioneer in anesthesiology
|
38
| Guglielmo Marconi
| Catholic and Anglican
| inventor of radio
|
39
| Adolf Hitler
| born into but later rejected Catholicism; allegedly a proponent of Germanic Neo-Paganism; Nazism
| conqueror; led Axis Powers in WWII
|
40
| Plato
| Platonism / Greek philosophy
| founder of Platonism
|
41
| Oliver Cromwell
| Puritan (Protestant)
| British political and military leader
|
42
| Alexander Graham Bell
| Unitarian/Universalist
| inventor of telephone
|
43
| Alexander Fleming
| Catholic
| penicillin; advances in bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy
|
44
| John Locke
| raised Puritan (Anglican);
Liberal Christian
| philosopher and liberal theologian
|
45
| Ludwig van Beethoven
| Catholic
| composer
|
46
| Werner Heisenberg
|
| discovered the principle of uncertainty
|
47
| Louis Daguerre
| ??
| an inventor/pioneer of photography
|
48
| Simon Bolivar
| Catholic (nominal); Atheist
| National hero of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
|
49
| Rene Descartes
| Catholic
| Rationalist philosopher and mathematician
|
50
| Michelangelo
| Catholic
| painter; sculptor; architect
|
51
| Pope Urban II
| Catholic
| called for First Crusade
|
52
| 'Umar ibn al-Khattab
| Islam
| Second Caliph; expanded Muslim empire
|
53
| Asoka
| Buddhism
| king of India who converted to and spread Buddhism
|
54
| St. Augustine
| Christianity
| Early Christian theologian
|
55
| William Harvey
| Anglican (nominal)
| described the circulation of blood; wrote Essays on the Generation of Animals, the basis for modern embryology
|
56
| Ernest Rutherford
| ??
| physicist; pioneer of subatomic physics
|
57
| John Calvin
| Protestant; Calvinism
| Protestant reformer; founder of Calvinism
|
58
| Gregor Mendel
| Catholic (monk)
| Mendelian genetics
|
59
| Max Planck
| Protestant
| physicist; thermodynamics
|
60
| Joseph Lister
| Quaker
| principal discoverer of antiseptics which greatly reduced surgical mortality
|
61
| Nikolaus August Otto
| ??
| built first four-stroke internal combustion engine
|
62
| Francisco Pizarro
| Catholic
| Spanish conqueror in South America; defeated Incas
|
63
| Hernando Cortes
| Catholic
| conquered Mexico for Spain; through war and introduction of new diseases he largely destroyed Aztec civilization
|
64
| Thomas Jefferson
| Episcopalian; Deist
| 3rd president of United States
|
65
| Queen Isabella I
| Catholic
| Spanish ruler
|
66
| Joseph Stalin
| Russian Orthodox; Atheist; Marxism
| revolutionary and ruler of USSR
|
67
| Julius Caesar
| Roman state paganism
| Roman emperor
|
68
| William the Conqueror
| Catholic
| laid foundation of modern England
|
69
| Sigmund Freud
| Jewish (non-practicing); Atheist
Freudian psychology/psychoanalysis
| founder of Freudian school of psychology; psychoanalysis
|
70
| Edward Jenner
| Christianity
| discoverer of the vaccination for smallpox
|
71
| Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
| ??
| discovered X-rays
|
72
| Johann Sebastian Bach
| Lutheran; Catholic
| composer
|
73
| Lao Tzu
| Taoism
| founder of Taoism
|
74
| Voltaire
| raised in Jansenism;
later Deist
| writer and philosopher; wrote Candide
|
75
| Johannes Kepler
| Lutheran
| astronomer; planetary motions
|
76
| Enrico Fermi
| Catholic
| initiated the atomic age; father of atom bomb
|
77
| Leonhard Euler
| Calvinist
| physicist; mathematician; differential and integral calculus and algebra
|
78
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau
| born Protestant;
converted as a teen to Catholic;
later Deist
| French deistic philosopher and author
|
79
| Nicoli Machiavelli
| Catholic
| wrote The Prince (influential political treatise)
|
80
| Thomas Malthus
| Anglican (cleric)
| economist; wrote Essay on the Principle of Population
|
81
| John F. Kennedy
| Catholic
| president of United States
|
82
| Gregory Pincus
| Jewish
| endocrinologist; developed birth-control pill
|
83
| Mani
| Manicheanism
| founder of Manicheanism, once a world religion which rivaled Christianity in strength
|
84
| Lenin
| Russian Orthodox;
Atheist; Marxism/Communism [more]
| Russian ruler
|
85
| Sui Wen Ti
| Chinese traditional religion
| unified China
|
86
| Vasco da Gama
| Catholic
| navigator; discovered route from Europe to India around Cape Hood
|
87
| Cyrus the Great
| Zoroastrianism
| founder of Persian empire
|
88
| Peter the Great
| Russian Orthodox
| forged Russia into a great European nation
|
89
| Mao Zedong
| Atheist; Communism; Maoism
| founder of Maoism, Chinese form of Communism
|
90
| Francis Bacon
| Anglican
| philosopher; delineated inductive scientific method
|
91
| Henry Ford
| Protestant
| developed automobile; achievement in manufacturing and assembly
|
92
| Mencius
| Confucianism
| philosopher; founder of a school of Confucianism
|
93
| Zoroaster
| Zoroastrianism
| founder of Zoroastrianism
|
94
| Queen Elizabeth I
| Anglican
| British monarch; restored Church of England to power after Queen Mary
|
95
| Mikhail Gorbachev
| Russian Orthodox
| Russian premier who helped end Communism in USSR
|
96
| Menes
| Egyptian paganism
| unified Upper and Lower Egypt
|
97
| Charlemagne
| Catholic
| Holy Roman Empire created with his baptism in 800 AD
|
98
| Homer
| Greek paganism
| epic poet
|
99
| Justinian I
| Catholic
| Roman emperor; reconquered Mediterranean empire; accelerated Catholic-Monophysite schism
|
100
| Mahavira
| Hinduism; Jainism
| founder of Jainism
|
RU
| St. Thomas Aquinas
| Catholic
| influential early Christian philosopher
|
RU
| Archimedes
| Greek philosophy
| father of experimental science
|
RU
| Charles Babbage
| ??
| mathematician and inventor of forerunner of computer
|
RU
| Cheops
| Egyptian paganism
| Egyptian ruler; builder of Great Pyramid
|
RU
| Marie Curie
| Catholic; nonreligious
| physicist; radioactivity
|
RU
| Benjamin Franklin
| Presbyterian; Deist
| American politician and inventor
|
RU
| Mohandas Gandhi
| Hinduism; influenced by Jainism (mother was a Jain)
| Indian leader and Hindu religious reformer
|
RU
| Abraham Lincoln
| Regular Baptist (childhood);
later ambiguous -
Deist, general theist or
a very personalized Christianity
| 16th president of U.S.; led during Civil War
|
RU
| Ferdinand Magellan
| Catholic
| navigator; named Pacific Ocean; first circumnavigation of globe
|
RU
| Leonardo da Vinci
| Catholic
| artist; inventor
|
الأحد ديسمبر 15, 2019 10:18 am من طرف عاطف0
